Complementary and Integrative Medicine for Opioid Use Disorder

Opioid use disorder (OUD) affects millions of people worldwide. Treating OUD can be challenging. But there are many therapies and treatment options available.¹

Experts agree that a multidisciplinary approach is needed to treat OUD effectively in the long term. This often includes a combination of:¹

• Medicine
• Behavioral therapies
• Complementary and integrative therapies

What are complementary and integrative therapies?

Complementary and integrative therapies are practices that work alongside standard medical treatments. They focus on the whole person, including the body, mind, and spirit.^2,3

Complementary and integrative medicine is not meant to replace traditional medicine. Rather, it is meant to be used with other treatment methods.^2,3

How can complementary and integrative therapies be used for OUD treatment?

In the last decade, these therapies have become more popular in the field of addiction medicine. They can be used to support conventional OUD treatment and have been shown to:^1,2

• Reduce withdrawal symptoms
• Manage cravings
• Reduce stress
• Improve emotional and overall well-being
• Support long-term recovery

Here are some complementary and integrative therapies that may be used to support OUD treatment.

Acupuncture

Acupuncture is a Traditional Chinese Medicine practice. It uses thin needles to stimulate specific points on the body. This therapy may help reduce pain, anxiety, and cravings for opioids. Some studies show that acupuncture can ease withdrawal symptoms.^1-3

People often feel relaxed and calm after an acupuncture session. Acupuncture is safe when performed by a trained professional.^1-3

Massage therapy

Massage therapy can help reduce stress and muscle tension. It may also improve mood and sleep. For people in recovery from OUD, massage therapy can be a way to relax and reduce anxiety. It may be especially helpful for people going through withdrawal. Choose a licensed massage therapist for this treatment.²

Meditation

Meditation is the practice of settling the mind and allowing thoughts to pass through in a nonjudgmental way. Meditation can help reduce stress, anxiety, and depression in people with OUD and other substance use disorders (SUDs).^1,2

Mindfulness meditation is particularly good for people with SUD. There is even a type that has been designed for people with SUD. It is called mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP). MBRP pairs mindfulness meditation with cognitive behavioral therapy to help people manage cravings and cope with tough emotions during recovery.^1,2

Yoga

​​Yoga is an ancient practice that combines physical poses, breathing exercises, and meditation. It is a full mind-body experience. For people with OUD, yoga may help reduce stress and provide a sense of well-being and connection with oneself. Yoga classes are widely available in person and online. Many yoga styles are suitable for beginners.^1-3

Qigong

Qigong (pronounced "chee-gong") is another ancient Chinese practice. It combines gentle movements, breathing techniques, and mental focus. This therapy can help reduce withdrawal symptoms, craving, and anxiety in those with SUD. Like yoga, qigong can be adapted for people of all fitness levels.²

Biofeedback

Biofeedback uses technology to help people learn how to control certain body functions, such as heart rate and breathing. Sensors are placed on the skin to measure these functions. The results are then displayed on a screen. With practice, people can use biofeedback to manage stress and reduce physical symptoms of withdrawal. A trained therapist can guide you through this process.²

Hypnotherapy

Hypnotherapy, or hypnosis, involves a therapist guiding you into a deeply relaxed state. In this state, your mind is more open to suggestions. Hypnotherapy may help people with OUD manage cravings and change negative thought patterns. Work with a licensed hypnotherapist who specializes in SUD treatment.²

Art and music therapy

Art and music therapy allow people to express their feelings in creative ways. These therapies can help reduce stress, improve mood, and build self-esteem. People recovering from OUD may find these practices healing. Trained therapists often lead these sessions.²

Combining therapies for better results

More research is needed to understand how complementary and integrative therapies work in OUD treatment. But overall, experts agree that using a combination of therapies improves recovery and healing.^1,2

Medicines like methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone can reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Behavioral therapies such as counseling and support groups help people address the emotional and psychological aspects of addiction. Complementary therapies can provide overall well-being and support. Together, these treatments create a strong foundation for long-term recovery.^1,2